Introduction to the History of Philosophy - Lecture

elementary

FP1_W06

FP1_U10

FP1_K04

Course objectives: the students acquire basic knowledge of philosophical as well as the ability to identify key issues and themes of philosophy living in this period.

1. General introduction to modern philosophy.

1.1. The problem of sources of knowledge. Psychological and epistemological version of the issue. Apriorism and empiricism (extreme and moderate). The dispute of empiricism and apriorism over the nature of mathematical theorems. Conventionalism. Kant's moderate apiororism. A priori cognition according to phenomenologists. Rationalism and irrationalism.

1.2. The problem of the limits of cognition. Two understandings of transcendence. The problem of immanent limits of cognition. Epistemological immanent idealism (Berkeley, Hume). Epistemological immanent realism. Epistemological transcendental idealism. Kant's transcendental idealism. Realism. Positivism. Neopositivism.

1.3 Metaphysical issues. The problem of ideal objects. The dispute over universals. A modern version of the dispute over universals. Subjective idealism. Objective idealism. Hegel's dialectic. Hegel's dialectics and Marx's dialectics. Metaphysical realism. Naive and critical realism.

2. Selected representatives of modern philosophy.

2.1 Descartes. Descartes method. The truth criterion. Getting to know God and the world. Epistemology. Philosophy of nature. Anthropology. The issue of freedom. Descartes' successors. Melabranche. Melabrache's occasionalism and ontologism. Spinoza. Spinoza's rationalism and pantheism. The identity of the spiritual and corporeal being. Spinoza's Anthropology and Ethics.

2.2 Francis Bacon. Bacon's new method.

2.3 Galileo. The Scientific Method of Galileo.

2.4 Tomasz Hobbes. Materialism and sensualism. Determinism. Naturalistic theory of society.

2.5 Edward Herbert of Cherbury and the concept of natural religion.

2.6 John Locke and empiricism. The science of the formation of concepts. Locke's theory of ideas. Locke's Political Philosophy.

2.7 Anthony Ashley Cooper and the concept of natural morality.

2.8 Kant. Kant's Criticism. Criticism of pure reason. Criticism of practical reason. Philosophy of law. Philosophy of Religion. Frederick Henryk Jacobi as a critic of Kant.

2.9 German idealism. Fichte. Pure subjective idealism of Fichte. Hegel. The subject and general principles of Hegel's philosophy. Hegel's dialectic. Logic. Philosophy of nature. Philosophy of spirit. Hegelian philosophy of law and state.

2.10 Jan Fryderyk Herbart and the critique of idealism. Herbart's realism.

3. Modern socio-economic philosophy.

3.1 Social philosophy of mercantilism.

3.2 Socio-economic philosophy of physiocrats.

3.3 Adam Smith's socio-economic philosophy. The concept of "homo oeconomicus".

4. Elements of contemporary philosophy.

4.1 The issue of directness and indirectness of cognition. The theory of direct cognition in phenomenology. Cartesian idea of ​​methodological doubt and Husserl's transcendental reduction.

4.2 Criticism of the idea of ​​direct cognition, Cartesian doubt, and phenomenological reduction in contemporary philosophy. Peirce's theory of indirect cognition. Sign theory. Criticism of the idea of ​​epoche (assumptionlessness of cognition). Peirce's pragmatism. Cassirer's philosophy of symbolic forms.

4.3. Hermeneutics. Friedrich Schleiermacher. Johan Gustaw Droysen. Wilhelm Dilthey. Gadamer. Bettie's realistic hermeneutics.

4.4 Konrad Lorenz's cognitive realism.

4.5 Scheler and Hartmann's phenomenological philosophy of values.

5. Existentialism.

5.1 Kierkegard. The principal existential problem of Kierkegard. The Socratic paradox and the Kierkegard solution. Skepticism and faith.

5.2 Nietzsche.

5.3 Contemporary existentialism. Heideger. Sartre.

Literatura pomocnicza do wykładu:

K. Ajdukiewicz, Zagadnienia i kierunki filozofii, Warszawa 2003

W. Tatarkiewicz, Historia filozofii, wyd. dowolne

R.H. Popkin, Filozofia, Poznań 1994

D. Collinson, Pięćdziesięciu wielkich filozofów, Poznań 1997

Z. Kuderowicz red., Filozofia XX wieku, Warszawa 2002

A. Miś, Filozofia współczesna, Warszawa 2003

FP1_W06

He knows the main achievements of philosophical thought, understands their historical context, knows the basic terminology of the history of philosophy, understands the influence of philosophical ideas on the development of the humanities.

FP_U10

Can use basic terms and research tools in the field of philosophy and use this skill to deepen the knowledge of literature and language.

FP_K04

He is ready to actively and consciously participate in the current literary and cultural life and to activities to popularize knowledge about Polish literature and culture, taking into account philosophical aspects.

ECTS credits:

15 hours - lecture - 1 point

15 h - preparation for the exam and reading preparation - 1 point

Classes in the semester end with an exam. The exam covers material taught during both semesters. The exam is in writing. In the 2020/21 academic year, due to the fact that the classes take place on the MS Teams and Moodle platforms, the credits (exam) will be held online on the Moodle platform. The exam will be in the form of a written work. The first part - obligatory for all students - is a test that checks the general orientation in the history of philosophy within the scope given in the class. Passing the test entitles you to the maximum grade - a 3,5. For a higher grade, students will receive a set of exam theses in a timely manner, from which they will choose three theses, which they will develop in writing using the lectures and materials received on the Moodle platform. Students will send the work in the form of a file (Office) in response to a given task on the Moodle platform. Additionally - to increase the grade obtained from the examination paper - students will be able to send a paper on any (cross-sectional) topic from the material covered or selected reading. This topic should be agreed with the teacher.

Punkty ECTS:

15 godz. - wykład - 1 punkt

15 godz. - przygotowanie do egzaminu - 1 punkt

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