Auxology (human biology) - lecture

podstawowy

Lectures: BI1_W01, BI1_W03, BI1_W04

Tutorials: BI1_U02, BI1_U07, BI1_U10, BI1_K02, BI1_K06

Objectives of the course: The main aim of lectures in Outline Human Biology is to provide basic knowledge on ontogeny. It includes prenatal and postnatal development as well as reveals problems of progressive, regressive development and aging. Environmental conditions are the background of all considered biological problems.

1. Ontogeny

Definition and division of ontogeny; Prenatal and postnatal development; Progressive and regressive development. Aging and involution.

2. Aspects of biological development

Qualitative material aspects of physical development

Quantitative material aspects of physical development

Energetic and information aspects of physical development

3. Factors of ontogenetic development (1)

Genetic factors (determinants and stimulators); Genome and genotype; Mitoses and Meiosis; Genotype and phenotype; Qualitative and quantitative traits; Genetics of continuously distributed traits.

4. Factors of ontogenetic development (2)

Mating and consequences of breeding. Genetic factors: Assortative mating; Types of mating and heterozygosity and homozygosity of offspring; Inbreeding and crossbreeding; Homosis and heterosis; Tendency toward arithmetic mean.

5. Factors of ontogenetic development (3)

Paragenetic and extragenetic factors; Genotype and regulatory mechanisms of mother; Maturity of the mother organism and age of parents

6. Factors of ontogenetic development (4)

Exogamic factors (modifiers): biogeography (natural modifiers); Socio-economic factors (cultural modifiers).

7. Reactivity

Ecosensitivity, adaptability and expression – examples

8. Adaptational changes

Adaptation/populational and individual levels; Regulatory, acclimatory and developmental adjustments.

9. Nutrition and biological development

Nutrition during pregnancy, winning and infancy. Nutrition and children and youth development. Nutritional status and its disorders; Undernutrition

10. More important environmental factors

Living conditions; Climate and meteorological factors; Social environment. Political and economic system

11. Side effects of civilization

Urban conditions, Overpopulation; Air pollution; Radiation; Noise and vibration

12.Biological development and lifestyle

Physical activity; Asymmetry of body build: functional, dynamic and morphological; Leisure and sleep

13. Structures and functions in ontogeny (1)

Bone and joint development; Posture and its changes

with age; Spinal curves - scoliosis

14. Structures and functions in ontogeny (2)

Nerve and muscular systems; Human motor fitness;

Physical activity and motor fitness; Development of strength, speed, endurance fitness, coordination,

agility and spice orientation.

15. Structures and functions in ontogeny (3)

Respiratory system; blood and circulatory system. Heart work in different stages of ontogeny.

Teaching methods: lectures with PowerPoint presentations.

Method of assessment: written exam based on lectures.

Basic literature:

1. Bochenek A., Reicher M., Anatomia człowieka t. 1-5. PZWL, Warszawa 2010; 2. Bogin B., Patterns of Human Growth. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1999; 3. Duszyński J i wsp., Biologia tom 4 i 5. Liceum ogólnokształcące, zakres rozszerzony. Wydawnictwo Szkolne PWN, Warszawa 2005; 4. Michajlik A., Ramotowski W., Anatomia i Fizjologia Człowieka. Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL, Warszawa 2003; 5. Malinowski A., Wolański N., Metody Badań w Biologii Człowieka. Wybór Metod Antropologicznych. Państwowe Wydawnictwo Naukowe, Warszawa 1888; 6. Tanner J., Fetus into Man., (2nd edition). Harvard University Press, Cambridge 1990; 7. Wolański N., Rozwój Biologiczny Człowieka, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2012.

Supplementary reading:

1. Jaczewski A (red.), Biologiczne i Medyczne Podstawy Rozwoju i Wychowania. Wydawnictwo Akademickie „Żak”, Warszawa 2005; 2. Kalat J.W., Biologiczne Podstawy Psychologii. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2006; 3. Wolański N., Ekologia Człowieka: Ewolucja i dostosowanie biokulturowe. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2006; 4. Wolański N., Ekologia Człowieka: Wrażliwość na czynniki środowiska i biologiczne zmiany przystosowawcze. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2006

Lectures

Knowledge:

BI1_W01 - the graduate understands the basic phenomena and processes occurring in auxology;

BI1_W03 - the graduate knows the connection of the processes taking place in auxology with other natural disciplines;

BI1_W04 - the graduate knows the applied research methods in auxology

Tutorials:

Skills:

BI1_U02 - the graduate understands literature in Polish and is fluent in English in the field of auxology;

BI1_U07 - the graduate has the ability to speak as part of auxology issues;

BI1_U10 - the graduate is able to plan further assimilation of new knowledge within the auxology;

Social competence:

BI1_K02 - a graduate is able to consult experts in the event of difficulties with solving a problem within auxology;

BI1_K06 - the graduate correctly resolves problems related to the profession performed within auxology

Lectures

ECTS [1 ECTS = 30 hours]

Participation in lectures: 30 hours;

Participation in discussion during lectures and preparation for the exam: 30 hours;

ECTS number = 2

Tutorials:

Active participation in the exercises in the form of discussions: 30 hours;

Preparation of the presentation: 30 hours.

ECTS number = 2

Total: 120 hours

ECTS number: 120/30 = 4

Grade 2 (ndst): the student does not understand the phenomena and processes in auxology, does not know the connections taking place in auxology with processes in other natural disciplines and does not know research methods in auxology;

Grade 3 (dst): the student has a limited understanding of the phenomena and processes occurring in auxology and the links with processes in other natural disciplines, as well as knows a few research methods in auxology;

Grade 4 (db): the student understands the phenomena and processes occurring in auxology and the links with processes in other natural disciplines, as well as knows research methods in auxology;

Grade 5 (very good): the student fully understands the processes taking place in auxology and the relationship with processes in other natural disciplines, as well as knows very well research methods in auxology;

Assessment methods:

Final exam - test exam - 100 questions. Three answers, one correct.

Final grade:

Good answer to 51-60 questions -3

Good answer to 61-70 questions - 3+

Good answer to 71-80 questions - 4

Good answer to 81-90 questions - 4+

Good answer to 91-100 questions - 5