Genetics

biological sciences

elementary

BI1_U01, BI1_K03, BI1_K06

(in Polish) Wiedza z zakresu genetyki na poziomie szkoły średniej

The course is aimed to present students current knowledga on genetics.

The course of the subject "Genetics" includes lectures and exercises. The lectures discuss the history of the most important discoveries for the development of inheritance science. Types of genetic information carriers and Procaryota and Eucaryota are presented, taking into account the structure of DNA and RNA. Processes related to gene expression (transcription, types and structure of transcription factors, splicing, translation), factors involved in the regulation of gene expression are discussed. The structure of prokaryotic and eukaryotic genomes is presented. Topics regarding DNA sequence variability are also discussed: the occurrence of mutations (including mutation types, mutagenic factors, repair processes), polymorphisms. Traditional and modern methods of genome research are introduced. The basics and assumptions of Mendelian genetics are presented. Issues related to gender determination and how to inherit traits in Eucaryot are discussed. At the end of the course, a new field of genetic knowledge is presented: epigenetics: the most relevant discoveries in this field, the importance of epigenetic modifications for processes such as chromosome inactivation or parental genomic stigma, as well as the role of epigenetic phenomena in cancer are presented.

The course also includes exercises during which students have the opportunity to consolidate the knowledge gained during lectures thanks to prepared presentations and lectures by the teacher. During the exercises, students also perform a number of computational tasks in the field of Mendelian genetics, including: inheritance of features consistent with and incompatible with Mendel's laws, including monogenic inheritance as well as poligenic inheritance, taking into account various forms of dominance and phenomena of epistasis, codominance and allele lethality. Other calculation tasks carried out during the exercises relate to the coefficient of inbreeding and kinship. In addition to practical computational classes, students perform laboratory tasks that involve: breeding Dosophila melanogaster flies with a specific set of mutations that give phenotypic characteristics and the wild form of a fruit flies. As a result of the experiment, students analyze the frequency of crossing-over and gamete segregation. As part of the exercise on population genetics, students assess the frequency of people in the population who have the ability to curl the tongue into the trumpet and feel the taste of phenylthiourea. Based on the observations, students determine: 1) the degree of expression of the trait, 2) the frequency of dominant and recessive allel, 3) the frequency of heterozygous occurrence in the studied population and the probability of the relationship of a person who is recessive homozygous in terms of the gene conditioning a given trait with heterozygous, assuming equilibrium of both sexes.

Obligatory sources:

Genetyka. Krótkie wykłady; H.L. Fletcher, G.I. Hickey, P.C. Winter; Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2011

Genetyka molekularna; red. Piotr Węgleński; Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2012 (copyright 2006)

A. Sadakiewicz-Chudy, G. Dabrowska, A. Goc, Genetyka ogólna – skrypt do ćwiczeń dla studentów biologii, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Mikołaja Kopernika, Toruń 2004,

Orzeszko-Rywka A., Rochalska M., Przewodnik do ćwiczeń z genetyki, Wydawnictwo SGGW, Warszawa 2007

Scientific papers/ web pages suggested by the lecturer (links are given during lectures)

Supplemantary sources:

Genetykamedyczna; Connor, Ferguson, Tobias Edward; pzwl; 2013

BI1_W01 - understands the basic phenomena and processes in the field of classical genetics

BI1_W04 - has knowledge in solving problems with various departments of genetics and knows their connections with molecular genetics and genetic engineering

BI1_W05 - has knowledge of basic conceptual categories and terminology, and is familiar with the development of biology and the methods used in it

BI1_W07 has knowledge of the basic techniques and tools for using services in biology

BI1_U02 - understands biology literature in Polish; reads with understanding

uncomplicated scientific texts in English

BI1_U03 - uses available information sources, including electronic sources

BI1_U04 - transfer commissioned simple research tasks under the guidance of a scientific supervisor

BI1_U06 - observe and perform simple measurements in the field or laboratory

physical, biological and chemical

BI1_U11 - learns independently in a oriented way

BI1_K02 - can interact and work in a group, taking on different roles in it

BI1_K04 - correctly identifying and separating dilemmas related to access to the profession

BI1_K06 - is responsible for the safety of work and others; knows how to work in chemical, biochemical and related laboratories

Participation in the exercises - 45 hours

Preparation for exercises - 10 hours

Processing of results - 5 hours

Preparation of research report - 5 hours.

Preparation for the final test - 20 hours.

Total student workload: 85 hours, equivalent to 3 ECTS points

The final grade is the average of the grades obtained during the course and final theoretical colloquium as well as from genetic tasks.

The condition of admission to pass is active participation in 10 out of 11 practical classes and the implementation of assigned studies.

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